Difference Between Food Allergy and Food Sensitivity:
The human body is a complex system, and the way it reacts to different substances can vary significantly among individuals. Food, being a primary source of nourishment, can sometimes cause unexpected and adverse reactions. Two of the terms that are frequently used to describe these negative reactions are “food allergy” and “food sensitivity”. While they might seem synonymous at first, they are distinctly different in many ways. This article aims to elucidate these differences in terms of their definitions, causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches.
1. Definitions:
Food Allergy:
A food allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to a specific food protein. When the food protein is ingested, the immune system thinks it’s harmful and releases substances, including histamines, which results in allergic symptoms.
Food Sensitivity:
Also sometimes referred to as food intolerance, this is a digestive system response rather than an immune system response. It occurs when an individual has difficulty digesting a certain food.
2. Causes:
Food Allergy:
The exact cause of food allergies isn’t entirely understood. However, certain foods are known to trigger allergic reactions more than others. Common allergens include peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, shellfish, fish, soy, and wheat.
Food Sensitivity:
Sensitivities might arise because of the absence of specific enzymes needed to digest a food substance, such as lactose intolerance, or due to a reaction to certain chemicals in foods like caffeine or artificial additives.
3. Symptoms:
Food Allergy:
The symptoms can range from mild to severe, including:
- Hives or a red, itchy skin rash
- Nasal congestion or a runny nose
- Nausea, stomach pain, or vomiting
- Shortness of breath or wheezing
- Anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention
Food Sensitivity
The symptoms are usually less severe and primarily digestive in nature:
- Gas, bloating, or cramps
- Heartburn
- Headaches
- Irritability or nervousness
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