Biochemical assessment of Iodine;

Iodine;

Iodine is a trace mineral utilized by the body to synthesize thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine(T4) . Apart, iodine performs several functions within the body i.e. mobilize stored, iodine yield extra energy and is necessary for proper functioning and development of the brain.

Urinary Iodine Concentration:

Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is the most common method for assessing iodine nutrition at a population level. UIC reflects recent dietary iodine intake and is thus sensitive to daily fluctuations. It’s measured using either colorimetric (Sandell-Kolthoff reaction) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry methods. Despite its variability, UIC is an effective tool for epidemiological surveys.

Serum Thyroglobulin:

Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) has emerged as an additional indicator of iodine status, particularly useful for detecting mild to moderate iodine deficiency. Tg is a sensitive marker of thyroid function and changes in iodine intake. It should be used in conjunction with UIC, particularly in populations at risk of iodine deficiency.

Serum Thyroid Hormones:

Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations also provide valuable insights into an individual’s iodine status. Alterations in these hormones could indicate iodine deficiency or excess. Elevated TSH levels, reduced T4, and increased or decreased T3 may reflect an iodine imbalance.

Iodine Content in Breast Milk

For lactating women, assessing the iodine content in breast milk can provide an indirect measure of the mother’s iodine status and the iodine nutrition of the breastfed infant. It’s a valuable indicator in perinatal and infant health.

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