1. Introduction: The Body’s Energy Balance System:

Before diving into the specifics of leptin and ghrelin, it’s important to understand the body’s energy balance system. Our bodies need a certain amount of energy (calories) to function properly. When we eat, we consume this energy, and when we’re active, we burn it off. The balance between the energy consumed and expended determines our body weight. Hormones like leptin and ghrelin help regulate this balance, signaling to the brain when we’re hungry or full.

2. Leptin: The Satiety Hormone:

Origin and Production: Leptin is primarily produced by adipocytes (fat cells). Its concentration in the bloodstream generally reflects the amount of fat stored in the body.

Function: Leptin signals to the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, that the body has sufficient energy stored. When leptin levels are high, the sensation of satiety or fullness is promoted, curbing appetite and leading to reduced food intake.

Factors Affecting Leptin Levels: Besides fat mass, factors like sleep, energy intake, and insulin levels can influence leptin concentrations. Chronic inflammation, commonly seen in obesity, can lead to leptin resistance, where the brain becomes less responsive to leptin’s signals, causing overeating.

3. Ghrelin: The Hunger Hormone:

Origin and Production: Ghrelin is primarily produced in the stomach, with smaller amounts being produced in the small intestine, pancreas, and brain.

Function: Opposite to leptin, ghrelin signals to the brain when the stomach is empty and energy is needed. When ghrelin levels rise, hunger is stimulated, and food intake is promoted.

Factors Affecting Ghrelin Levels: Ghrelin levels typically rise before meals and drop after eating. They can be influenced by factors like sleep deprivation, stress, and diet.

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https://nutritionalstudi.blogspot.com/2023/08/what-is-relationship-betwween-leptin.html